Estonia digital nomad visa is the first visa of its kind in Europe that has allowed remote workers to work and live in this digitally progressive country. What sets this country apart from the other countries that offer visas for digital nomads is that it is a county that is truly digital at its core.
The country first installed digital voting back in 2005 and is also known for famous tech startups that are now powerhouses in the tech industry including Skype, Bolt and Playtech. Estonia is ranked in 2023 as the fastest growing tech hub behind only Turkey and Spain—the digital nomad would fit right in. Estonia is also a member of the digital nations (DN) which includes countries such as Denmark, Israel and Portugal. 1
Consisting of a main island, two large islands and thousands of islands and islets, Estonia is a country of natural beauty that is bursting at the seams with tourist attractions. There is plenty to do here for the visitor with everything from lush and enchanting forests to medieval cities.
Does Estonia Have Visa for the Digital Nomad? What is the Estonia Digital Nomad Visa?
Estonia does have a visa that is catered to the remote worker for digital nomads who may be wondering this and are constantly being faced with the dilemma of traveling and not knowing whether it is acceptable to work in this destination.
The country was the first in Europe to launch a digital nomad visa at the height of the pandemic in a bid to lure remote workers. It was only a natural step since the country is vested and has immersed a significant part of its economy in the digital world.
Thus, the Estonia digital nomad visa is a government issued document that allows remote workers to live and work for a definite period of time. Remote workers generally already have to have some form of income and not work for a company based or registered in Estonia.
Estonia’s digital nomad visa comes in two varieties depending on the duration the remote workers chooses to stay in the country.
What Are the Types of Estonia Digital Nomad Visas?
Estonia has two types of digital nomad visas— Estonia type C digital nomad visa and the Estonia type D digital nomad visa.
Estonia Type C Digital Nomad Visa—The type C visa is one that is catered for digital nomads that are looking for shorter stays; it allows the holder to remain in the country for a period not exceeding 90 days within a 180 day period. This type of visa is actually a short stay visa or an Estonia Schengen Visa. Rather than starting a completely new visa scheme, Estonia presents the Schengen Visa
Estonia Type D Digital Nomad Visa—Estonia’s second type of digital nomad visa, the type D is more suited to individuals who want to stay in the country for extended periods of time. They allow remote workers to live in the country for one year which is in line with similar offerings from other countries. This visa, like its shorter term counterpart, allows Schengen entry.
It is possible to apply for a new digital nomad visa before the expiry of the older one—nevertheless, the holder‘s stay in Estonia cannot exceed 548 days within a consecutive 730 days period. This means that to renew the visa, the applicant will first travel to their country of residence or a third country.
Theoretically, they may also travel to other Schengen countries for 3 months using the type C digital visa and return to their home country and travel to Estonia or the Schengen area with the type D visa.
Requirements for the Estonia Digital Nomad Visa
Estonia’s requirements to issue the digital nomad visa are straightforward and are outlined below:
- Applicants will need to be at least 18 years of age.
- The digital nomad visa is issued only to individuals that work remotely using technology. This can either be freelancing, working remotely for a company or having an online business.
- Remote work must be sourced from a company that is outside Estonia or one that is registered outside the country.
- Proof must be provided of remote work or source of income.
- The applicant must demonstrate financial means to support themselves. Estonia requires a minimum monthly income of approximately US $4,000.
Documents Required for the Estonia Digital Nomad Visa
The Type C and Type D digital nomad visas have similar requisites such as having a valid passport and 2 recent passport photos. Below are all document requirements for both types of visas.
Valid Passport—The applicant will need to submit a passport that has an expiration exceeding 3 months from the return date. It will also need to have two blank pages.
Completed Application Form—Download and print a Type C Visa Application Form or Type D Visa Application Form depending on the visa required.
Passport Sized Photos—Two passport sized photos should accompany the application and meet these Schengen visa requirements. 2
Health Insurance—Most countries that offer digital nomad visas require valid medical insurance for the duration of stay, Estonia is not an exception to this. The Estonian government does not specify any minimum health insurance requirements for the digital nomad visa; however these Schengen visa travel Insurance requirements should be followed. 3
Work Contract / Employer Letter—The applicant will need to furnish either a work contract or letter from the employer proving they are engaged in remote work from an employer registered in a foreign country.
Criminal Record— A document showing that the applicant has no criminal record is required. This can be obtained from the police in the country of residence or citizenship.
Academic and Professional Credentials—Documents showing the applicant’s academic and professional qualifications such as degree certificates or licenses.
Financial Statement—Estonia requires a bank statement issued within the last 6 months proving that the applicant is in good financial standing and that they can support themselves for the duration of stay. This can either be through the monthly income stipulated earlier or having total savings of US $48,000.
Proof of Accommodation—Documents proving accommodation will need to be included in the application. This can be in the form of rental agreements or long term hotel reservations made. Proof of accommodation is a mandate that has been drawn from the Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 of The European Parliament and of the Council—known as the Visa Code and applied by Schengen countries on visa applicants from foreign countries. 4
Application Process for the Estonia Digital Nomad Visa
Once all the documents have been gathered together, it is time to now lodge the application for the Estonia Digital Nomad Visa which is done through three agencies:
Estonian Embassy—An appointment will need to be scheduled at the nearest Estonian embassy that handles visa applications. 5
Estonia Police and Border Guard—Applicants that don’t require a Schengen visa can first enter the country and submit the application at the Estonia Police and Border Guard.
VFS Offices—VFS Offices are authorized agencies that handle visa applications on behalf of the Embassy of Estonia /Consulate General of Estonia. 6 Applicants can quickly find a center nearest to them.
What Is the Processing Time for the Digital Nomad Visa? Can Dependents Be Included in the Visa?
The application process generally takes between 15-30 days if all required documents are submitted—this could drag on if additional documents are needed.
Family members of the visa holder who are dependents such as spouses, children under the age of 18 or those over the 18 but are dependent due to medical reasons can be included in the visa. Dependents have the same duration of stay as the applicants.
Once approval has been received, the visa holder can now enter Estonia and apply for an E-Residence card at the Estonian Police and Border Guard Board. This card allows the digital nomad access to the EU business ecosystem and the utilization of public e-services. E-Residency is discussed in the sections below.
Benefits of the Digital Nomad Visa Offered by Estonia
Obtaining an Estonia digital nomad visa confers many benefits to its holder like access to the Schengen area and access to a digitally progressive country—the pros of the visa are outlined below:
Schengen Travel— The biggest benefit the visa provides the holder is that they freely travel to the Schengen area. This essentially gives the holder visa free travel to 27 European countries including four that are not members of the E.U. 7
Access to a Digital Country— As was seen earlier, Estonia is very much a digital country and its economy is pivoted towards technology. This makes it the perfect hub for the remote worker whose existence is a result of technology. Internet connection as one can imagine is very good in Estonia; this is delved into further below.
Safe and Clean— Estonia has a very low crime rate and has a Level 1: Exercise Normal Precaution ranking by the U.S. Department of State. 8 Additionally, Estonia is an eco-friendly country with recycling a top priority for its people; over 50% of the country is covered in forests.
Taxes— Digital nomads are not required to pay taxes in the first 183 days when on the visa.
Language— Many Estonians are bilingual and are able to fluently communicate in English making it easy to navigate through the country.
A Country of Natural Beauty—Estonia is full of beauty making it the perfect location to set up temporary roots. Tourist attractions are detailed in the sections that follow.
What Is the E Estonia Residency Program? (Digital Citizenship in Estonia)
As mentioned in the section before, once a visa has been granted, the holder of an Estonian digital nomad visa becomes eligible for and will need to apply for an e-Residency digital identity. Estonia is the first country in the world to offer the e-Residency—a government issued digital identity which allows individuals from all over the world access to the country’s digital economy. 9
Being an e-Resident of Estonia permits its holders who may be non-Estonians access to digital banking, company formation and payment processing. Today, there are close to 90,000 e-Residents and 16,000 companies that are e-Resident.
For the digital nomad visa holder, e-Residency allows access to e-Government services to run their online companies and tap into the banking payment ecosystem.
Once approved, e-Residents receive an e-Residency kit which contains a card reader, a digital ID card that has two pin numbers permitting secure digital signatures and authentication. 10 These digital signatures are considered legally equivalent to signatures in Estonia and the card serves as face-to-face biometric identification in the country.
Who Is Eligible for the Estonia E Residency? Cost of the Estonia E Residency
Estonia’s e-Residency is not only reserved for foreigners living in Estonia such as digital nomads but can be sought by any foreigner living outside the country. The cost for the residency is approximately US $130.
To apply for Estonia e-Residency, create an account and follow the instructions filing in the necessary details—the process takes about 30 minutes to complete if all the documents needed are present.
Any queries should be forwarded to ppa@politsei.ee.
Benefits of the E Estonia Residency
There are several benefits that having an E Estonia residency confers on those who have been approved; these include:
- Start an online EU company in one day from anywhere in the world and be able to manage it fully online
- Obtain a business bank account that allows secured e-banking
- Residency gives access to international payment providers such as PayPal and Braintree.
- Digitally sign and send documents
- Make a declaration of Estonia taxes online
- Gives access to one of the world’s most advanced digital society
- Allows for trading in Euros which mitigates fluctuations concerns
- It has low start up and maintenance costs
- There is a 0% corporate tax on reinvested profits
- Access to an almost corruption free and transparent business environment
Differences Between E-Residency vs. Digital Nomad Visa
There are marked differences between the Estonia digital nomad visa vs. the e-Residency as often it is mistaken that the latter visa affords residency rights to its holder. The table below summarizes the variances.
| Estonia Digital nomad visa | e-Residency |
| Grants remote workers the right to live and work remotely in Estonia for up to a year. | The e-Residency card is a secured digital identity issued by the Estonian government for personal and online authentication. It does not confer residency rights in Estonia. |
| The visa gives the holder the ability to work online anywhere. | Holders of the e-Residency have access to Estonia’s e-services. |
| This visa is for employees working for foreign companies, freelancers and those with online businesses. | The e-Residency allows for the running of EU based companies from anywhere in the world. |
| The visa is applied for at an Estonian embassy and the process can take 30 days. | Applied for online and it takes 3-8 weeks to receive approval. |
| Estonia digital nomad visa is collected at the embassy. | The e-Residency kit is picked up at designated pick-up points around the world. |
Life as a Digital Nomad Is Estonia
Estonia as a remote worker’s destination combines all the right ingredients to make it an almost perfect destination. Starting with the country’s status as a digital hub to the fact that more than half the country is covered with old growth lush forests, lakes and rocky beaches —Estonia provides a perfect mix of work and play.
Located in Northern Europe and a former part of the Soviet Union, Estonia shares its borders with Latvia, Russia and the Baltic Sea and has a rich cultural past with plenty of old castles, hilltop fortresses and churches. Its capital Tallinn is a coastal city and has a preserved old town and museums.
Often described as a Baltic Tiger, Estonia is classified as a high income country by the World Bank with a high GDP of $47,000—ranked 40th in the world by the International Monetary Fund. 11 It has a transparent government with a high level of economic freedom. However, compared to the rest of Europe, it has fairly lower living costs.
Due to its location around the Baltic Sea which warms the coastal waters in winter and cools them in the spring, Estonia enjoys moderate winters and warm summers— therefore, digital nomads need not worry about enduring icy winters. It is also easily accessible from most of Europe with cheap flights.
The Estonian government provides a helpful and complete guide on how to become a digital nomad by giving pointers such as finding a skillset that will lead to a remote income and the pros vs. cons of the lifestyle. 12
Tourist Attractions in Estonia
There is a lot to do in Estonia and most visitors typically start their exploration in the capital Tallinn. Most visitors flock to the city in the summer; therefore, to avoid the crowds it is better to visit the city during the fall or spring. Regardless, it is one the least crowded cities in Europe and has a fairy tale-like setting with old city walls In the old part of the town.
This historic center of Tallinn (old town) is actually a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is littered with medical churches and cobblestone streets—visitors get an excellent bird’s eye view of the city from the Tallinn TV Tower. 13 While in Tallinn, the Lennusadam Seaplane Harbour is a must see for ordinary tourists and maritime fans—this award-winning museum is home to almost 200 vessels and maritime artifacts.
Another top tourist hotspot in Estonia is Pärnu, a city located on the Baltic Sea with plenty of beautiful beaches and is more of a laid-back town. It is littered with spas and is famous for the almost 200-year-old Hedon SPA & Hotel offering traditional healing mud wraps with treatments terminating in the sauna or salt pool. Pärnu also serves as a jump point to visit Kihnu island, a sparsely populated island known for its traditions dating back 1000 years.
A visit to Matsalu National Park is a must as it is known to be one of the best bird watching locations. It is colossal at almost 50,000 hectares providing the visitor a chance to see birds nesting, molting and migrating. Tourists have a chance to take it all in from multiple towers including Kloostri,Haeska and Keemu. There are also hiking trails that meander through meadows, coastal pastures and wetlands.
Other tourist attractions include:
- Alpakafarm
- AHHAA Science Centre
- Toompea Hill
- Rummu Prison
- Haapsalu Old Town
- Oru Park
- Narva River Promenade
What Is the Cost of Living in Estonia?
The cost of living in Estonia is generally lower than most of Europe considering its status as a high-income country enjoying an elevated quality of life. 14 Rent for a small apartment in the capital city ranges between US $500 – US $ 800 and monthly food expenses can be around US $350. A typical cost of living in Estonia breakdown can be found here.
While it is not as cheap as living in other digital nomad favorites like Bali or Thailand, it certainly is doable for many digital nomads. The cost of living is comparable to the Caribbean island of St. Lucia which also has its own visa for remote workers known as the St. Lucia digital nomad visa.
Are Digital Nomads Taxed in Estonia?
For the most part, digital nomads are not taxed especially if their stay in the country is 90 days after having opted for the Type C Visa. However, if they do choose to stay longer in the country by choosing the Type D visa, then they will be taxed after having stayed in the country for 183 consecutive days where they are now considered a tax resident. A stay of less than 183 consecutive days prevents any form of taxation.
A complete tax guide for digital nomads provided by the Estonian government can be found here. 15
Digital Nomad Amenities Is Estonia (Internet Connectivity, Coworking Spaces, Banking, Healthcare)
The most important digital nomad needs are amenities that support their work and allow them to have conveniences that complement their lifestyle. These include having efficient internet connectivity and financial infrastructure that supports their nomadic lifestyle—this often plays a significant role in their choice of a destination in addition to the cost to live and travel to these locations.
Fortunately, Estonia has an excellent foundation to support digital nomad communities and its characteristic as a digitized country only cements this position. Here are some of the facilities that will make life as a remote worker feasible.
Internet Connectivity in Estonia
As anyone can imagine, having an excellent internet connection is the single most important amenity a digital nomad requires in their arsenal. It must be obvious at this point that Estonia is a country that has technology as its priority and it should not come as a surprise that the country has one of the highest internet penetrations in the world—in 2017, the World Bank estimates that almost 90% of the population was using the net. 16
Internet speeds in Estonia according to Speedtest have the fastest providers of mobile data Telia clocking at 101.32 Mbps download speeds; fixed speed provider Elisa has download speeds averaging 94.70 Mbps. 17 These are impressive numbers and the other providers are not too far behind; the remote worker is spoilt for choice when it comes to internet providers.
Coworking Spaces in Estonia
One of the biggest trends started by the digital nomad movement is the rise of coworking spaces. Coworking spaces in essence are communal and shared office spaces in which remote workers and entrepreneurs share—these spaces are acquired through paid memberships where individuals pay rent to take advantage of these facilities. 18 Coworking spaces provide ergonomic working areas, WiFi, and in some cases reception services.
Most of the coworking spaces are located in the capital Tallinn and Tartu. The list below outlines some coworking spaces that are popular.
- Spring Hub
- The Widget Factory
- sTARTUp HUB
- Baltic Cowork.
- LIFT99 Tallinn.
- Workland.
- Mobispace.
- Baltic Cowork
While the smaller cities may not have dedicated coworking spaces, digital nomads can visit cafes and coffee shops of which many furnish free WIFI—be prepared to deal with the hustle and bustle of crowds, unless of course you have unique digital nomad equipment suited for these environments, such as the futuristic Spacetop Laptop that will give you some form of privacy.
Healthcare in Estonia
Healthcare should not be a very big concern for digital nomads since as mentioned earlier, the Estonian government will not issue the visa until the applicant holds medical insurance for the duration of their stay in the country. According to the World Health Organization, Estonia’s health system provides almost universal coverage with an insurance fund covering about 95% of the population. 19
The health care system comprises two of the largest hospitals in the country located in Tallinn and Tartu which provide about 50% of specialist care and a network of independent GP’s that provide primary care. Secondary healthcare is available at private and public outpatient care clinics and hospitals.
Banking in Estonia
Banking in Estonia is at the forefront of promoting the digital economy allowing freelancers and business owners access to banking services from any point on the globe. Estonia adopted the Euro in 2011 moving it away from its former currency, the Estonian kroonid and thereby giving it access to a stable currency that is not prone to fluctuations, a great benefit for digital nomads. 20
The banking sector in Estonia consists of 14 banks, nine of these are licensed credit institutions and five of these are branches of foreign credit institutions. 21
Most transactions in the county occur digitally and only 4% of the population are paid fully or partially in case. Therefore, having a bank account in Estonia is crucial for the digital nomad. An e-Resident card or e-ID can be used to open a bank account using facial recognition technology or video interview recording to verify the identity of the applicant. This provides an authorization to have an account in the name of the applicant.
Alternative Digital Nomad Visas in Europe
Digital nomads may be searching for alternative destinations in Europe or perhaps continue their nomadic voyages to other countries—fortunately, this content offers the most amount of nomad visas compared to the other continents. European countries that have visas for remote workers include Georgia, Germany and Spain.
Georgia—Georgia has two visas that are ideal for digital nomads and allow the remote worker a stay for up to a year. The first one needs the digital nomad to make US $2,000 a year but after 183 days of consecutive residency, they will be taxed 20% of their income. The second option is the Individual Entrepreneur Program that taxes only 1% of business incomes that top US $155,000.
Croatia—Croatia has a residence permit that is valid for a year and costs only US $90 to apply. Digital nomads need to bring in US $2,232 monthly and add 10% for a spouse or dependent.
Czech Republic—The Czech Republic’s digital nomad offering is the Zivno which is valid for 1 year and is free to apply but the applicant must have a trade license from one of these trades. Monthly income requirements are set at US $1,500.
Iceland—Iceland’s long term visa can be utilized by digital nomads and is valid for 6 months if applied within Iceland and 3 months if sought in the Schengen area. It has a very high monthly income requirement at US $7,777, well beyond the reach of many nomads.
Germany—Germany’s answer to a remote visa is the Aufenthaltserlaubnis für selbständige Tätigkeit that is valid for a whooping 3 years but with an alternative 6 months option that is renewable. The visa costs US $106 but there are no clearly defined income requirements. However, since Germany has a high standard of living, it must be assumed the income prerequisites would incline towards the higher side.
Norway—Norway has a visa that is not catered but is rather suited to the digital nomad known as the Independent Contractor Visa and is valid for 2 years, but can be extended to make it 3 years. It costs US $610 and has an annual income requirement of US $39,000, well within the reach of many remote workers and freelancers.
Portugal—Portugal’s D7 visa is unique because while it is valid for 1 year, it can be renewed for up to 5 years after which the holder can apply for permanent residency potentially leading to eventual citizenship. It costs US $90 and additional US $80 for the resident permit fee with a monthly qualifying income of US $900. The D7 is not a digital nomad visa per se, hence Portugal has another program that does not lead to permanent residency and is valid for 1 year. This visa requires the holder to make US $2,750 annually.
Spain—Spain finally launched a digital nomad visa in 2023. The visa is valid for one year and can be renewed for up to 5 years, which means just like its neighbor Portugal, a digital nomad can transition into permanent residency and citizenship. Monthly income requirements for now are set at US $2,600 and it costs US $90 to procure the visa.
Malta—This Mediterranean nation’s digital nomad visa known as the Nomad Residency Permit is issued for one year but can be renewed. Applicants have to prove they make US $3,000 every month and the visa costs US $300.
Greece—This popular tourist European destination has two digital nomad visa programs, but the Greece digital nomad visa for non-EU/EEA citizens has an appeal for many remote workers since they mostly tend to come from outside the Eurozone. It is valid for one year but can be extended up twice giving it a grand total of 3 years. Applicants must prove they make US $3,700 and the visa costs US $160 inclusive of administrative costs.
Romania—Romania’s digital nomad visa is valid for one year and requires the holder to prove they make US $3,500 per month. This is relatively a high-income requirement especially when compared to other Eastern European countries.
Hungary—Hungary’s white card has a low monthly income requirement of US $ 2,200 and is valid for one year and can be extended for another year. It is only ideal for single remote workers as it does not give the option to move with dependents, whether spouses or children.
Cyprus—Cyprus’s digital nomad visa program is unique in that it has a limited number of permits that are issued to just 500 making it an exclusive offering. It is valid for one year but has an option to extend it for two more years. It costs US $75 for the visa and an additional fee that is applied to the alien registry.
Latvia—Latvia’s digital nomad visa is only eligible for remote workers whose employer or business is registered in a Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country. Examples of OECD countries include the U.S., U.K. and Canada. The visa is valid for 12 months but can be extended for another year. This digital nomad visa costs US $65 and US $130 for an expedited application; the applicant should make 2.5 times the average Latvian wage which is US $1,050.
Albania— This Eastern European nation has launched a that is valid for 1 year and can be extended up to 5 years. Remote workers are eligible for permanent residency after 5 years. Cost for the program and income requirements have still not been published, but this will be updated as soon as information is out.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is the Cost of the Remote Worker Visa in Estonia?
The cost for the Estonia digital nomad visa is dependent on the type chosen. Type C variant which is the shorter duration visa costs US $90.00 and the longer stay visa is a tad higher at US $110.00.
Are Digital Nomads Taxed in Estonia?
Digital nomads are only taxed after residing in the country for 183 consecutive days after which they are considered tax residents.
Can I Bring Family as a Digital Nomad in Estonia?
Yes, dependents can accompany the holder of the visa. They include a spouse, children under 18 years and those over age 18 and dependent for medical purposes.
Is It Possible To Extend the Estonia Digital Nomad Visa?
The Estonia digital nomad visa cannot be extended, but holders can apply for another one while still in the country. However, since the holder‘s stay in Estonia cannot exceed 548 days within a consecutive 730 days period, they will need to exit the country and re-enter it with the new visa.
Who Is Eligible for the Estonia Digital Nomad Visa?
All remote workers that have their source of income outside Estonia regardless of nationality qualify for the Estonia digital nomad visa. They will still need to fulfill other requirements such as not having criminal records and having travel insurance.
What Should I Do if I Receive a Denial for the Visa?
Estonia’s refusal rate for the digital nomad visa is low at 3%; however, if a denial is received, the applicant can re-apply for the visa through an appeal within 30 days at “Consulate of the Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.” An appeal fee of $80 will be paid to the Ministry of Finance. Once this is paid, the appeal can be filed here.
Is It Possible To Visit Other Schengen Countries With a Valid Digital Nomad Visa?
Yes, one of the advantages of holding the Estonian digital nomad visa is that it provides access to the other Schengen countries.
Can I Become a Permanent Resident or Have a Path to Citizenship With an Estonia Digital Nomad Visa?
Unfortunately, there is no way to gain permanent residency or Estonian citizenship with this visa.
Is It Possible To Take Up Employment for a Company Registered in Estonia With the Digital Nomad Visa?
No, this digital nomad visa is only for remote workers, freelancers and entrepreneurs who work for registered companies outside Estonia or have their income from foreign sources. It is prohibited to take up employment with companies registered in Estonia when holding this visa.
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